--- title: "International Mortality Tables Overview" date: "`r Sys.Date()`" output: rmarkdown::html_vignette: toc: true toc_depth: 2 fig_width: 7 fig_height: 5 number_sections: true vignette: > %\VignetteIndexEntry{International Mortality Tables Overview} %\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown} %\VignetteEncoding{UTF-8} --- ```{r, include = FALSE} knitr::opts_chunk$set( collapse = TRUE, comment = "#>" ) ``` ```{r PackageCheck, echo = FALSE} required <- c("tidyverse", "MortalityLaws", "reshape2") if (!all(sapply(required, function(pkg) requireNamespace(pkg, quietly = TRUE)))) { message(paste("This vignette needs the followig packages:\n\t", paste(required, collapse = " "), "\nSince not all are installed, code will not be executed: ")) knitr::opts_chunk$set(eval = FALSE) } ``` ```{r setup} library(tidyverse, quietly = TRUE) library(MortalityTables) mortalityTables.load("Austria_Census") ``` # Austria ## Annuities Annuity tables in Austria are traditionally published by the [Actuarial Association of Austria (AVÖ)](https://avoe.at/rechnungsgrundlagen/). ### ÖVM 59/61 - RR 67 [TODO: Get actual table data and publication] * Source: H. Nabl: ÖVM 59/61 - RR67 - 3%, Die Versicherungsrundschau, 22. Jahrgang, Heft 12, Dez. 1967, p.373--380. ```{r} mortalityTables.load("Austria_Annuities_RR67") plotMortalityTables(RR67, mort.AT.census.1961.male) ``` ### EROM/F 85 (Period table 2020), EROM/F G 1950 (Cohort table with age shift) * EROM/F 85: gender-specific period tables, projected to year 2020 to account for mortality improvement * male+female, ages 0-99 * EROM/F G 1950: gender-specific cohort tables, base cohort 1950 with age-shifting to account for mortality improvement * male+female, ages 0-99 * Derived from population mortalities 1980/82 (improvements from population mortalities 1949/51 and 1980/82), with annuitants' selection factors applied * First-order table without explicit security loadings * Usage: Individual Annuity pricing and reserving * Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), https://avoe.at/ * Target collective: Individual annuitants * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r EROMF85, results="hide"} mortalityTables.load("Austria_Annuities_EROMF") EROM85.male EROF85.female EROM.G1950.male EROM.G1950.male.av EROF.G1950.female EROF.G1950.female.av ``` * Source: F.G. Liebmann, W. Schachermayer, M. Willomitzer: Zur Erstellung von Sterbetafeln EROM 85 und EROF 85, Mitteilungen der Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs, Heft 4, Dezember 1986, p. 1--52. * Source: F.G. Liebmann, W. Schachermayer, M. Willomitzer: Die Generationen-Sterbetafeln EROM G 1950 und EROF G 1950, Mitteilungen der Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs, Heft 4, Dezember 1986, p. 54--94. ### AVÖ 1996-R * gender-specific cohort tables with age-specific trend to account for mortality improvement (approximation via age-shifting given alternatively) * male+female, ages 0-112, individual and group variants * Derived from population mortalities 1990/92 with annuitants' selection factors applied * Trend factors derived from short-term population trend 1980--95 and long-term population trend 1865--1990 * First-order table without explicit security loadings * Usage: Individual and Group Annuity pricing and reserving; Minimum required by Austrian Financial Authority until publication of successor table AVÖ 2005R * Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), https://avoe.at/ * Target collective: Individual and group annuitants * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r AVOe1996R, results="hide"} mortalityTables.load("Austria_Annuities_AVOe1996R") AVOe1996R AVOe1996R.male AVOe1996R.male.av325 AVOe1996R.male.group AVOe1996R.female AVOe1996R.female.av325 AVOe1996R.female.group ``` * Source: S. Jörgen, F.G. Liebmann, F.W. Pagler, W. Schachermayer: Herleitung der Sterbetafel AVÖ 1996R für Rentenversicherungen, Mitteilungen der Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs, Heft 9, November 1997, p. 39--82. ### AVÖ 2005-R * gender-specific cohort tables with age-specific trend to account for mortality improvement (approximation via age-shifting given alternatively) * male+female, ages 0-112, individual and group variants * unisex table published 2012 by mixing male+female tables * Derived from population mortalities 2000/02 with annuitants' selection factors applied * Trend factors derived from mid-term population trend 1970--2000 * First-order table with explicit security loadings and second-order table without security loadings * Usage: Individual and Group Annuity pricing and reserving; Current minimum required by Austrian Financial Authority * Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), https://avoe.at/ * Target collective: Individual and group annuitants * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r AVOe2005R, results="hide"} mortalityTables.load("Austria_Annuities_AVOe2005R") AVOe2005R AVOe2005R.male AVOe2005R.male.group AVOe2005R.male.av AVOe2005R.male.group.av AVOe2005R.male.unloaded AVOe2005R.male.nodamping AVOe2005R.male.nodamping.group AVOe2005R.male.nodamping.unloaded AVOe2005R.female AVOe2005R.female.group AVOe2005R.female.av AVOe2005R.female.group.av AVOe2005R.female.unloaded AVOe2005R.female.nodamping AVOe2005R.female.nodamping.group AVOe2005R.female.nodamping.unloaded AVOe2005R.unisex AVOe2005R.unisex.group AVOe2005R.unisex.av AVOe2005R.unisex.group.av AVOe2005R.unisex.nodamping AVOe2005R.unisex.nodamping.group ``` * Sources: * R. Kainhofer, M. Predota, U. Schmock: [The New Austrian Annuity Valuation Table AVÖ 2005R](https://avoe.at/rententafel-avoe-2005r/), Mitteilungen der Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs, Heft 13, pp.55--135, https://avoe.at/pdf/mitteilungen/H13_w3.pdf * Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs: [Konstruktion der Unisex-Rententafel AVÖ 2005 R unisex](https://avoe.at/rententafel-avoe-2005r-unisex/, 2012 * R. Kainhofer: [Zur Angemessenheit der Rententafel AVÖ 2005-R](https://avoe.at/zur-angemessenheit-der-rententafel-avoe-2005-r/, Arbeitskreis Rechnungsgrundlagen, Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), 24.Oktober 2019 ### Comparisons ```{r AT.Annuity.Comparison} plotMortalityTables(RR67, EROM85.male, EROF85.female, EROM.G1950.male.av, EROF.G1950.female.av, AVOe1996R[, "Einzel"], AVOe2005R[c("m", "w"), "Einzel","loaded"], aes = aes(color = year), Period = 2020, title = "Austrian Annuity Tables, Period 2020", legend.position = "right" ) + facet_grid(sex ~ .) plotMortalityTables(RR67, EROM85.male, EROF85.female, EROM.G1950.male.av, EROF.G1950.female.av, AVOe1996R[, "Einzel"],AVOe2005R[c("m", "w"), "Einzel","loaded"], aes = aes(color = year), YOB = 1965, title = "Austrian Annuity Tables, Cohort 1965", legend.position = "right" ) + facet_grid(sex ~ .) ``` ## Population Mortality (Austrian Census tables) #### Census tables * gender-specific period tables * male+female, unisex only starting 2000/02; ages 0--95, from 1930 on 0--100 * Based on the official census data: * 1868/71 * 1879/82 * 1889/92 * 1899/1902 * 1909/12 * 1930/33 * 1949/51 * 1959/61 * 1970/72 * 1980/82 * 1990/92 * 2000/02 * 2010/12 * 2020/22 * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r OeVSt} mortalityTables.load("Austria_Census") mort.AT.census ``` * Source: [Statistik Austria](http://statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/sterbetafeln/index.html), http://statistik.at/wcm/idc/idcplg?IdcService=GET_NATIVE_FILE&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&dDocName=022541 ### Official population forecast (by Statistik Austria) * Gender-specific forecast (middle scenario) of the mortalities to 2080 * Provided by Statistik Austria (no formal publication of the tables), can be used freely with attribution * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r AT.PopulationForecast, results="hide"} mortalityTables.load("Austria_PopulationForecast") mort.AT.forecast mortalityTables.load("Austria_PopulationObserved") ``` ### Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo-fitted population forecast (by J. Hirz) * Gender-specific forecast (middle scenario) of the mortalities by a MCMC-fit of age-specific trend factors * Derived for the Austrian pension Table AVÖ 2018-P. * Creator: Jonas Hirz * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r AT.PopulationForecastMCMC, results="hide"} mortalityTables.load("Austria_PopulationMCMC") mort.AT.MCMC ``` * Source: R. Kainhofer, J. Hirz, A. Schubert: AVÖ 2018-P - Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Pensionsversicherung, Dokumentation der Pensionstafel, Arbeitskreis Rechnungsgrundlagen, Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), 30. August 2018. https://oefdv.avoe.at/rechnungsgrundlagen/ ### Observed population mortalities 1947--2022 (by Statistik Austria) * Gender-specific observations of the mortalities from 1947 * Provided by Statistik Austria (no formal publication of the tables), can be used freely with attribution * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r AT.Observation, results="hide"} mortalityTables.load("Austria_PopulationObserved") mort.AT.observed.male mort.AT.observed.female mort.AT.observed.unisex ``` ### Comparison ```{r AT.Census.Comparison} plotMortalityTables( mort.AT.census[c("m", "w"),], aes = aes(color = table), legend.position = "right", legend.key.width = unit(2, "lines"), title = "Comparison of Austrian Census Mortalities" ) + labs(color = NULL) + facet_grid(sex ~ .) ``` ```{r AT.Census.Projections} plotMortalityTables( mort.AT.census[c("m", "w"),"2011"], mort.AT.forecast %>% mT.setDimInfo(table = "Official forecast"), mort.AT.MCMC[c("m", "w")] %>% mT.setDimInfo(table = "MCMC forecast"), YOB = 1980, aes = aes(color = table), legend.position = "right", legend.key.width = unit(2, "lines"), title = "Projected Austrian Population Mortalities, YOB 1980" ) + labs(color = NULL) + facet_grid(sex ~ .) ``` ```{r AT.population.History} plotMortalityTables( mort.AT.observed.male, mort.AT.observed.female, mort.AT.observed.unisex, YOB = 1940, aes = aes(color = sex), legend.position = "right", legend.key.width = unit(2, "lines"), title = "Historic Austrian Population Mortalities (yearly raw observations), YOB 1940" ) ``` ## Occupational Pensions ### Ettl-Pagler * gender-specific period tables for active and disabled persons (also transitions), as well as pensioners and widows * second-order table, describing the transition probabilities of the Austrian social security system ```{r EttlPager, results="hide"} # pensionTables.load("Austria_EttlPagler") # EttlPagler.male # EttlPagler.female ``` * Source: Ettl W. und Pagler F.: "Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Pensionsversicherung", Verlag: Verband der wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften Österreichs, Wien, 1989 ### AVÖ 1999-P - Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Pensionsversicherung - Pagler-Pagler * gender-specific period tables for active and disabled persons (also transitions), as well as pensioners and widows * 2 Variants: "P" for pension reserves, "PK" for pension funds * 2 collectives: White-collar workers ("Angestellte") and mixed collective of white- and blue-collar workers * second-order table, describing the transition probabilities of the Austrian social security system * Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), Creator: Pagler & Pagler * No documentation available ```{r AVOe1999P, results="hide"} # pensionTables.load("Austria_AVOe1999P") # AVOe1999P ``` ### AVÖ 2008-P - Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Pensionsversicherung - Pagler-Pagler * gender-specific period tables for active and disabled persons (also transitions), as well as pensioners and widows * 2 Variants: "P" for pension reserves, "PK" for pension funds * 2 collectives: White-collar workers ("Angestellte") and mixed collective of white- and blue-collar workers * second-order table, describing the transition probabilities of the Austrian social security system * Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), Creator: Pagler & Pagler * No documentation available ```{r AVOe2008P, results="hide"} # pensionTables.load("Austria_AVOe2008P") # AVOe2008P ``` ### AVÖ 2018-P - Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Pensionsversicherung * gender-specific period tables for active and disabled persons (also transitions), as well as pensioners and widows * 2 Variants: "Rehageld" ("rehab money") considered as invalidity or considered as active * 2 collectives: White-collar workers ("Angestellte") and mixed collective of white- and blue-collar workers * second-order table, describing real the transition probabilities of the Austrian social security system (2000/2010 -- 2016) * Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), Creator: R. Kainhofer, J. Hirz, A. Schubert ```{r AVOe2018P, results="hide"} # pensionTables.load("Austria_AVOe2018P") # AVOe2018P ``` * Source: R. Kainhofer, J. Hirz, A. Schubert: AVÖ 2018-P - Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Pensionsversicherung, Dokumentation der Pensionstafel, Arbeitskreis Rechnungsgrundlagen, Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), 30. August 2018. https://oefdv.avoe.at/rechnungsgrundlagen/ ## Experience Tables ### Gesamtbestand (total portfolio) of life insurance companies 2012--16 * gender-specific experience tables (period tables for 2012--16, central year 2014) for the whole Austrian insurance portfolio * separated into tradiional and unit-linlked contracts * Experience mortality and lapse rates for the total portfolio of all Austrian Life insurance companies, 2012-2016 * Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ) * Creator: G. Friesacher, Th. Spanninger, R. Kainhofer Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r VUGesamtbestand, results = "hide"} mortalityTables.load("Austria_VUGesamtbestand_2012-16") VU.Gesamtbestand VU.Gesamtbestand.Storno VU.Gesamtbestand.Detail ``` ```{r VUGesamtbestand.vergleich} plotMortalityTables(VU.Gesamtbestand, legend.position = c(0.01, 0.99), legend.justification = c(0,1), title = "Austrian insurance portfolio moratlities 2012-16") ``` Source: G. Friesacher, Th. Spanninger, R. Kainhofer: Gesamtbestandstafel -- Lebensversicherungsbestand in Österreich von 2012 bis 2016, Arbeitskreis Rechnungsgrundlagen, Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), 24. Oktober 2019. https://avoe.at/referenzsterbetafel-und-stornovektor-des-gesamtbestands-2012-16/ ### Gesamtbestand (total portfolio) of Austrian Pension Funds (Pensionskassen) 2010--16 * gender-specific experienc tables (period tables for 2010--16, central year 2013) for the four largest Austrian pension funds * mortalities and lapse rates * Experience mortality and lapse rates for the total portfolio of the four largest Austrian pension funds, 2010-2016 * Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ) * Creator: R. Kainhofer Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r PKGesamtbestand, results = "hide"} # mortalityTables.load("Austria_PK-Bestand_2010-16") # PKBestandstafel.2010.16 ``` ```{r PKBestand.vergleich} # plotMortalityTables(PKBestandstafel.2010.16[,,"qx", "raw"], legend.position = "right", title = "Austrian pension fund mortalities 2010-16", aes = aes(color = type)) + # facet_grid(sex ~ .) + labs(color = "Collective") ``` # Germany Tables in use: * Allgemeine Deutsche Sterbetafel 1924/26 -- Endowments (until 1980s) * Sterbetafel 1967 (modified Sterbetafel der BRD 1960/62) -- Endowments (1970s-1980s) * Sterbetafel 1986 -- Endowments * Sterbetafel 1986 T -- Endowments (1980s--1994) * DAV 1994-T -- Endowments (1994--) * Sterbetafel der BRD 1949/51 -- Annuities (until 1980s) * Sterbetafel 1987 R -- Annuities (1980s--1994) * DAV 1994-R -- Annuities (1994--2004) * DAV 2004-R -- Annuities (2004--) ## Annuities ### Sterbetafel 1987 R [TODO: Get table data!] * Source: Lühr, K.-H.: Neue Sterbetafeln für die Rentenversicherung, Blätter DGVM XVII (1986), 485--513. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02808817 ### DAV 1994 R: * gender-specific tables, Base table 2000 with age-specific trends * male+female, ages 0-111 * approximation using age-shifting is provided (central YOB 1955) * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r DAV1994R, results = "hide"} mortalityTables.load("Germany_Annuities_DAV1994R") DAV1994R.male DAV1994R.male.av DAV1994R.female DAV1994R.female.av ``` * Source: [Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV)](https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx), https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/sterbetafeln/UT_LV_5.pdf * Source: Schmithals B. und Schütz E. U. (1995): "Herleitung der DAV-Sterbetafel 1994 R für Rentenversicherungen", Blätter der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Versicherungsmathematik, Band XXII, Heft 1 ### DAV 2004 R: * gender-specific tables, Base table 1999 with age-specific trends * male+female, ages 0-121 * First- and Second-Order Tables are provided, as well as a reserving table for existing business ("Bestand" and "B20") * Variants Aggregate and Select tables (5 years) are provided * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: (only Aggregate tables) ```{r DAV2004R, results="hide"} mortalityTables.load("Germany_Annuities_DAV2004R") DAV2004R.male DAV2004R.male.2Ord DAV2004R.male.av DAV2004R.male.av.2Ord DAV2004R.female DAV2004R.female.2Ord DAV2004R.female.av DAV2004R.female.av.2Ord ``` * Source: [Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV)](https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx), https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/sterbetafeln/2023-06-28_DAV-Richtlinie_Herleitung_DAV2004R.pdf ### Comparison ```{r DE.Annuities.Comparison} plotMortalityTables( DAV1994R.male, DAV1994R.female, DAV2004R.male, DAV2004R.male.2Ord, DAV2004R.female, DAV2004R.female.2Ord, Period = 2000, aes = aes(linetype = sex, color = interaction(year, data)), legend.position = c(0.01, 0.99), legend.justification = c(0,1), legend.key.width = unit(2, "lines"), title = "Comparison of German Annuity Tables, Period 2000" ) + labs(linetype = NULL, color = NULL) plotMortalityTrend( DAV1994R.male, DAV1994R.female, DAV2004R.male, DAV2004R.male.2Ord, DAV2004R.female, DAV2004R.female.2Ord, Period = 2000, aes = aes(linetype = sex, color = interaction(year, data)), legend.position = c(0.99, 0.99), legend.justification = c(1,1), legend.key.width = unit(2, "lines"), title = "Age-specific trends of German Annuity Tables, Period 2000" ) + labs(linetype = NULL, color = NULL) + theme(legend.box.just = "right") ``` ## Population Mortality (German Census tables) * gender-specific period tables * male+female, unisex only 2000/02 and 2010/12; ages 0--95, from 1930 on 0--100 * Based on the official census data: * 1871/80 * 1881/90 * 1891/1900 * 1901/10 * 1910/11 * 1924/26 * 1932/34 * 1949/51 * 1960/62 * 1970/72 * 1986/88 * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r ADSt} mortalityTables.load("Germany_Census") mort.DE.census ``` * Source: Allgemeine Sterbetafeln, abgekürzte Sterbetafelnund Sterbetafeln, 1871/1881 bis 2008/2010. Wiesbaden. Statist. Bundesamt. Artikel 5126202109005, Mai 2012. https://www.statistischebibliothek.de/mir/receive/DESerie_mods_00002188 ### Comparison ```{r DE.Census.Comparison} plotMortalityTables( mort.DE.census, aes = aes(color = table), legend.position = "right", legend.key.width = unit(2, "lines"), title = "Comparison of German Census Mortalities" ) + labs(color = NULL) + facet_grid(sex ~ .) ``` ## Tables for contract with death characteristics (Life Insurances, Endowments) ### Association Table of Assured Lives 1986 [TODO] * Base on German Population Mortality Table 1981/83 ### DAV 1994 T * gender-specific cohort table for German whole life insurances * Based on the German Population Mortality Table 1986/88 * Generated: Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV), "Life-Insurance" committee * Publisher: Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV), https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r DAV1994T,results="hide"} mortalityTables.load("Germany_Endowments_DAV1994T") DAV1994T.male DAV1994T.male.2Ord DAV1994T.female DAV1994T.female.2Ord ``` * Source: H. Loebus: Bestimmung einer angemessenen Sterbetafel für Lebensversicherungen mit Todesfallcharakter, Blätter DGVM XXI (1994), 497--524. https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx ### DAV 2008 T, DAV 2008 T R/NR * gender-specific cohort table for German whole life insurances * Based on reinsurance data 2001--2004 (47 German insurance companies) * Generated: Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV), "Life-Insurance" committee * Publisher: Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV), https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx * Minimum standard prescribed by the DAV to be used for reserving unit-linked, endowment and whole life insurances in Germany * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: ```{r DAV2008T,results="hide"} mortalityTables.load("Germany_Endowments_DAV2008T") DAV2008T.male DAV2008T.male.2Ord DAV2008T.male.nonsmoker DAV2008T.male.nonsmoker.2Ord DAV2008T.male.smoker DAV2008T.male.smoker.2Ord DAV2008T.female DAV2008T.female.2Ord DAV2008T.female.nonsmoker DAV2008T.female.nonsmoker.2Ord DAV2008T.female.smoker DAV2008T.female.smoker.2Ord ``` * Source: Herleitung der Sterbetafel DAV 2008 T für Lebensversicherungen mit Todesfallcharakter, [Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV)](https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx), 22.11.2008. https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/sterbetafeln/2022-11-29_DAV-Richtlinie_Herleitung_DAV2008T.pdf * Source: Raucher- und Nichtrauchersterbetafeln für Lebensversicherungen mit Todesfallcharakter, [Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV)](https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx), 22.11.2008. https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/sterbetafeln/2022-11-29_DAV-Richtlinie_Herleitung_DAV2008T_R_NR.pdf ### Comparisons ```{r DAV-T.comparison} plotMortalityTables( DAV1994T.male, DAV1994T.male.2Ord, DAV2008T.male, DAV2008T.male.2Ord, DAV2008T.male.nonsmoker, DAV2008T.male.smoker, DAV1994T.female, DAV1994T.female.2Ord, DAV2008T.female, DAV2008T.female.2Ord, DAV2008T.female.nonsmoker, DAV2008T.female.smoker, aes = aes(color = interaction(year, collar), linetype = data), legend.position = "right", legend.key.width = unit(1.5, "lines"), title = "German whole life mortality tables" ) + facet_grid(sex ~ .) ``` ## Occupational Disability ### DAV 1997 I [TODO] https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx * Source: Kolster N., Loebus H. und Mörtlbauer W. (1998): "Neue Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Berufsunfähigkeitsversicherung DAV 1997", Blätter der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Versicherungsmathematik, Band XXIII, Heft 4 ### DAV 1998 EU [TODO] https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx ### DAV 2001 EM/EM-T [TODO] https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx ## MTPL Annuities ### DAV 2006 HUR [TODO] https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx ## Old-Age Care [TODO] ### DAV 2008 P [TODO] ## Occupational Pensions ### Heubeck Richttafeln 1959 [TODO] * Source: G. Heubeck, K. Fischer: Richttafeln für die Pensionsversicherung, René Fischer Verlag, Weissenburg/Bayern, 1959 ### Heubeck Richttafeln 1983 [TODO] * Source: Heubeck K.: "Richttafeln", Verlag: Heubeck-Richttafeln-GmbH, Köln, 1983 ### Heubeck Richttafeln 1998 [TODO] * Source: Heubeck K.: "Richttafeln 1998", Verlag Heubeck-Richttafeln-GmbH, Köln, 1998 ### Richttafeln DAV 2005-G [TODO] https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx * Source: Klaus Heubeck, Richard Herrmann und Gabriele D’Souza. „Die Richttafeln 2005 G – Modell, Herleitung, Formeln“. In: Blätter der DGVFM 27.3 (Apr. 2006), S. 473–517. ### Heubeck Richttafeln 2018-G [TODO] # United States of America Source: [https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/pbr_data_valuation_manual_current_edition.pdf] (Appendix M) [TODO] ## Annuities (individual and group) ## Whole Life Insurances ## Experience Tables ## Pension Plans ### RP-2000 ### RP-2014 Source: Society of Actuaries. RP-2014 Mortality Tables Report. Techn. Ber. Okt. 2014. URL: https://www.soa.org/experience-studies/2014/research-2014-rp/. Source: Society of Actuaries. Mortality Improvement Scale MP-2014 Report. Techn. Ber. Okt. 2014. URL: https://www.soa.org/experience-studies/2014/research-2014-mp/.