---
title: "International Mortality Tables Overview"
date: "`r Sys.Date()`"
output: 
    rmarkdown::html_vignette: 
        toc: true
        toc_depth: 2
        fig_width: 7
        fig_height: 5
        number_sections: true
vignette: >
  %\VignetteIndexEntry{International Mortality Tables Overview}
  %\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown}
  %\VignetteEncoding{UTF-8}
---

```{r, include = FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  collapse = TRUE,
  comment = "#>"
)
```

```{r PackageCheck, echo = FALSE}
required <- c("tidyverse", "MortalityLaws", "reshape2")
if (!all(sapply(required, 
                function(pkg) requireNamespace(pkg, quietly = TRUE)))) {
  message(paste("This vignette needs the followig packages:\n\t", 
                paste(required, collapse = " "), 
                "\nSince not all are installed, code will not be executed: "))
  knitr::opts_chunk$set(eval = FALSE)
}
```

```{r setup}
library(tidyverse, quietly = TRUE)
library(MortalityTables)
mortalityTables.load("Austria_Census")
```






<!-- ################################################################################ -->
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<!-- ####                                  AUSTRIA                              ##### -->
<!-- ################################################################################ -->
<!-- ################################################################################ -->



# Austria

## Annuities

Annuity tables in Austria are traditionally published by the [Actuarial Association of Austria (AVÖ)](https://avoe.at/rechnungsgrundlagen/).

### ÖVM 59/61 - RR 67

[TODO: Get actual table data and publication]

* Source: H. Nabl: ÖVM 59/61 - RR67 - 3%, Die Versicherungsrundschau, 22. Jahrgang, Heft 12, Dez. 1967, p.373--380.

```{r}
mortalityTables.load("Austria_Annuities_RR67")
plotMortalityTables(RR67, mort.AT.census.1961.male)
```

### EROM/F 85 (Period table 2020), EROM/F G 1950 (Cohort table with age shift)

* EROM/F 85: gender-specific period tables, projected to year 2020 to account for mortality improvement
  * male+female, ages 0-99
* EROM/F G 1950: gender-specific cohort tables, base cohort 1950 with age-shifting to account for mortality improvement
  * male+female, ages 0-99
* Derived from population mortalities 1980/82 (improvements from population mortalities 1949/51 and 1980/82), with annuitants' selection factors applied
* First-order table without explicit security loadings
* Usage: Individual Annuity pricing and reserving
* Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), https://avoe.at/
* Target collective: Individual annuitants

* Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r EROMF85, results="hide"}
mortalityTables.load("Austria_Annuities_EROMF")
EROM85.male
EROF85.female

EROM.G1950.male
EROM.G1950.male.av
EROF.G1950.female
EROF.G1950.female.av
```
* Source: F.G. Liebmann, W. Schachermayer, M. Willomitzer: Zur Erstellung von Sterbetafeln EROM 85 und EROF 85, Mitteilungen der Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs, Heft 4, Dezember 1986, p. 1--52.
* Source: F.G. Liebmann, W. Schachermayer, M. Willomitzer: Die Generationen-Sterbetafeln EROM G 1950 und EROF G 1950, Mitteilungen der Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs, Heft 4, Dezember 1986, p. 54--94.

### AVÖ 1996-R

* gender-specific cohort tables with age-specific trend to account for mortality improvement (approximation via age-shifting given alternatively)
  * male+female, ages 0-112, individual and group variants
* Derived from population mortalities 1990/92 with annuitants' selection factors applied
  * Trend factors derived from short-term population trend 1980--95 and long-term population trend 1865--1990
* First-order table without explicit security loadings
* Usage: Individual and Group Annuity pricing and reserving; Minimum required by Austrian Financial Authority until publication of successor table AVÖ 2005R
* Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), https://avoe.at/
* Target collective: Individual and group annuitants

* Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r AVOe1996R, results="hide"}
mortalityTables.load("Austria_Annuities_AVOe1996R")
AVOe1996R
AVOe1996R.male
AVOe1996R.male.av325
AVOe1996R.male.group
AVOe1996R.female
AVOe1996R.female.av325
AVOe1996R.female.group
```
* Source: S. Jörgen, F.G. Liebmann, F.W. Pagler, W. Schachermayer: Herleitung der Sterbetafel AVÖ 1996R für Rentenversicherungen, Mitteilungen der Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs, Heft 9, November 1997, p. 39--82.



### AVÖ 2005-R

* gender-specific cohort tables with age-specific trend to account for mortality improvement (approximation via age-shifting given alternatively)
  * male+female, ages 0-112, individual and group variants
  * unisex table published 2012 by mixing male+female tables
* Derived from population mortalities 2000/02 with annuitants' selection factors applied
  * Trend factors derived from mid-term population trend 1970--2000
* First-order table with explicit security loadings and second-order table without security loadings
* Usage: Individual and Group Annuity pricing and reserving; Current minimum required by Austrian Financial Authority
* Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), https://avoe.at/
* Target collective: Individual and group annuitants

* Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r AVOe2005R, results="hide"}
mortalityTables.load("Austria_Annuities_AVOe2005R")
AVOe2005R
AVOe2005R.male
AVOe2005R.male.group
AVOe2005R.male.av
AVOe2005R.male.group.av
AVOe2005R.male.unloaded
AVOe2005R.male.nodamping
AVOe2005R.male.nodamping.group
AVOe2005R.male.nodamping.unloaded

AVOe2005R.female
AVOe2005R.female.group
AVOe2005R.female.av
AVOe2005R.female.group.av
AVOe2005R.female.unloaded
AVOe2005R.female.nodamping
AVOe2005R.female.nodamping.group
AVOe2005R.female.nodamping.unloaded

AVOe2005R.unisex
AVOe2005R.unisex.group
AVOe2005R.unisex.av
AVOe2005R.unisex.group.av
AVOe2005R.unisex.nodamping
AVOe2005R.unisex.nodamping.group
```
* Sources: 
  * R. Kainhofer, M. Predota, U. Schmock: [The New Austrian Annuity Valuation Table AVÖ 2005R](https://avoe.at/rententafel-avoe-2005r/), Mitteilungen der Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs, Heft 13, pp.55--135, https://avoe.at/pdf/mitteilungen/H13_w3.pdf
  * Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs: [Konstruktion der Unisex-Rententafel AVÖ 2005 R unisex](https://avoe.at/rententafel-avoe-2005r-unisex/, 2012
  * R. Kainhofer: [Zur Angemessenheit der Rententafel AVÖ 2005-R](https://avoe.at/zur-angemessenheit-der-rententafel-avoe-2005-r/, Arbeitskreis Rechnungsgrundlagen, Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), 24.Oktober 2019





### Comparisons

```{r AT.Annuity.Comparison}
plotMortalityTables(RR67, EROM85.male, EROF85.female, EROM.G1950.male.av, EROF.G1950.female.av, AVOe1996R[, "Einzel"], AVOe2005R[c("m", "w"), "Einzel","loaded"],
                    aes = aes(color = year), Period = 2020, title = "Austrian Annuity Tables, Period 2020", 
                    legend.position = "right"
) + facet_grid(sex ~ .)

plotMortalityTables(RR67, EROM85.male, EROF85.female, EROM.G1950.male.av, EROF.G1950.female.av, AVOe1996R[, "Einzel"],AVOe2005R[c("m", "w"), "Einzel","loaded"],
                    aes = aes(color = year), YOB = 1965, title = "Austrian Annuity Tables, Cohort 1965", 
                    legend.position = "right"
) + facet_grid(sex ~ .)

```


## Population Mortality (Austrian Census tables)

#### Census tables

* gender-specific period tables
  * male+female, unisex only starting 2000/02; ages 0--95, from 1930 on 0--100
* Based on the official census data:
  * 1868/71
  * 1879/82
  * 1889/92
  * 1899/1902
  * 1909/12
  * 1930/33
  * 1949/51
  * 1959/61
  * 1970/72
  * 1980/82
  * 1990/92
  * 2000/02
  * 2010/12
  * 2020/22
* Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r OeVSt}
mortalityTables.load("Austria_Census")
mort.AT.census
```
* Source: [Statistik Austria](http://statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/sterbetafeln/index.html), http://statistik.at/wcm/idc/idcplg?IdcService=GET_NATIVE_FILE&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&dDocName=022541


### Official population forecast (by Statistik Austria)

* Gender-specific forecast (middle scenario) of the mortalities to 2080
* Provided by Statistik Austria (no formal publication of the tables), can be used freely with attribution
* Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r AT.PopulationForecast, results="hide"}
mortalityTables.load("Austria_PopulationForecast")
mort.AT.forecast
mortalityTables.load("Austria_PopulationObserved")
```

### Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo-fitted population forecast (by J. Hirz)

* Gender-specific forecast (middle scenario) of the mortalities by a MCMC-fit of age-specific trend factors
* Derived for the Austrian pension Table AVÖ 2018-P.
* Creator: Jonas Hirz
* Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r AT.PopulationForecastMCMC, results="hide"}
mortalityTables.load("Austria_PopulationMCMC")
mort.AT.MCMC
```

* Source: R. Kainhofer, J. Hirz, A. Schubert: AVÖ 2018-P - Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Pensionsversicherung, Dokumentation der Pensionstafel, Arbeitskreis Rechnungsgrundlagen, Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), 30. August 2018. https://oefdv.avoe.at/rechnungsgrundlagen/


### Observed population mortalities 1947--2022 (by Statistik Austria)

* Gender-specific observations of the mortalities from 1947
* Provided by Statistik Austria (no formal publication of the tables), can be used freely with attribution
* Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r AT.Observation, results="hide"}
mortalityTables.load("Austria_PopulationObserved")
mort.AT.observed.male
mort.AT.observed.female
mort.AT.observed.unisex

```

### Comparison

```{r AT.Census.Comparison}
plotMortalityTables(
  mort.AT.census[c("m", "w"),],
  
  aes = aes(color = table),
  legend.position = "right", legend.key.width = unit(2, "lines"),
  title = "Comparison of Austrian Census Mortalities"
) + labs(color = NULL) + facet_grid(sex ~ .)
```

```{r AT.Census.Projections}
plotMortalityTables(
  mort.AT.census[c("m", "w"),"2011"],
  mort.AT.forecast %>% mT.setDimInfo(table = "Official forecast"),
  mort.AT.MCMC[c("m", "w")] %>% mT.setDimInfo(table = "MCMC forecast"),

  YOB = 1980,
  aes = aes(color = table),
  legend.position = "right", legend.key.width = unit(2, "lines"),
  title = "Projected Austrian Population Mortalities, YOB 1980"
  
) + labs(color = NULL) + facet_grid(sex ~ .)
```

```{r AT.population.History}
plotMortalityTables(
  mort.AT.observed.male,
  mort.AT.observed.female,
  mort.AT.observed.unisex,
  
  YOB = 1940,
  aes = aes(color = sex),
  legend.position = "right", legend.key.width = unit(2, "lines"),
  title = "Historic Austrian Population Mortalities (yearly raw observations), YOB 1940"
)
```

## Occupational Pensions

### Ettl-Pagler

* gender-specific period tables for active and disabled persons (also transitions), as well as pensioners and widows
* second-order table, describing the transition probabilities of the Austrian social security system

```{r EttlPager, results="hide"}
# pensionTables.load("Austria_EttlPagler")
# EttlPagler.male
# EttlPagler.female
```

* Source: Ettl W. und Pagler F.: "Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Pensionsversicherung",
Verlag: Verband der wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften Österreichs, Wien, 1989

### AVÖ 1999-P - Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Pensionsversicherung - Pagler-Pagler

* gender-specific period tables for active and disabled persons (also transitions), as well as pensioners and widows
  * 2 Variants: "P" for pension reserves, "PK" for pension funds
  * 2 collectives: White-collar workers ("Angestellte") and mixed collective of white- and blue-collar workers
* second-order table, describing the transition probabilities of the Austrian social security system
* Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), Creator: Pagler & Pagler
* No documentation available

```{r AVOe1999P, results="hide"}
# pensionTables.load("Austria_AVOe1999P")
# AVOe1999P
```


### AVÖ 2008-P - Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Pensionsversicherung - Pagler-Pagler

* gender-specific period tables for active and disabled persons (also transitions), as well as pensioners and widows
  * 2 Variants: "P" for pension reserves, "PK" for pension funds
  * 2 collectives: White-collar workers ("Angestellte") and mixed collective of white- and blue-collar workers
* second-order table, describing the transition probabilities of the Austrian social security system
* Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), Creator: Pagler & Pagler
* No documentation available

```{r AVOe2008P, results="hide"}
# pensionTables.load("Austria_AVOe2008P")
# AVOe2008P
```


### AVÖ 2018-P - Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Pensionsversicherung

* gender-specific period tables for active and disabled persons (also transitions), as well as pensioners and widows
  * 2 Variants: "Rehageld" ("rehab money") considered as invalidity or considered as active
  * 2 collectives: White-collar workers ("Angestellte") and mixed collective of white- and blue-collar workers
* second-order table, describing real the transition probabilities of the Austrian social security system (2000/2010 -- 2016)
* Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), Creator: R. Kainhofer, J. Hirz, A. Schubert

```{r AVOe2018P, results="hide"}
# pensionTables.load("Austria_AVOe2018P")
# AVOe2018P
```
* Source: R. Kainhofer, J. Hirz, A. Schubert: AVÖ 2018-P - Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Pensionsversicherung, Dokumentation der Pensionstafel, Arbeitskreis Rechnungsgrundlagen, Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), 30. August 2018. https://oefdv.avoe.at/rechnungsgrundlagen/

<!-- ### Comparisons -->
<!-- ```{r AT.pensionTables.Comparison} -->
<!-- plotMortalityTables( -->
<!--   EttlPagler.male %>% pT.getSubTable("qx"), -->
<!--   AVOe1999P["m",,"IP", "P"] %>% pT.getSubTable("qx"), -->
<!--   AVOe2008P["m",,"IP", "P"] %>% pT.getSubTable("qx"), -->
<!--   AVOe2018P["m",,"IPRG"] %>% pT.getSubTable("qx"), -->
<!--   legend.position = c(0.01, 0.99), legend.justification = c(0,1), -->
<!--   title = "Comparison of Austrian Pension Tables" -->
<!-- ) + labs(color = NULL) -->

<!-- plotMortalityTables( -->
<!--   EttlPagler.male %>% pT.getSubTable("hx"), -->
<!--   AVOe1999P["m",,"IP", "P"] %>% pT.getSubTable("hx"), -->
<!--   AVOe2008P["m",,"IP", "P"] %>% pT.getSubTable("hx"), -->
<!--   AVOe2018P["m",,"IPRG"] %>% pT.getSubTable("hx"), -->
<!--   # legend.position = c(0.01, 0.99), legend.justification = c(0,1), -->
<!--   title = "Comparison of Austrian Pension Tables", -->
<!--   log = FALSE, legend.position = "bottom" -->
<!-- ) + labs(color = NULL) -->
<!-- ``` -->

## Experience Tables

### Gesamtbestand (total portfolio) of life insurance companies 2012--16

* gender-specific experience tables (period tables for 2012--16, central year 2014) for the whole Austrian insurance portfolio
  * separated into tradiional and unit-linlked contracts
* Experience mortality and lapse rates for the total portfolio of all Austrian Life insurance companies, 2012-2016
* Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ)
* Creator: G. Friesacher, Th. Spanninger, R. Kainhofer
 Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r VUGesamtbestand, results = "hide"}
mortalityTables.load("Austria_VUGesamtbestand_2012-16")
VU.Gesamtbestand
VU.Gesamtbestand.Storno
VU.Gesamtbestand.Detail
```
```{r VUGesamtbestand.vergleich}
plotMortalityTables(VU.Gesamtbestand, legend.position = c(0.01, 0.99), legend.justification = c(0,1), title = "Austrian insurance portfolio moratlities 2012-16")
```
  
Source: G. Friesacher, Th. Spanninger, R. Kainhofer: Gesamtbestandstafel -- 
    Lebensversicherungsbestand in Österreich von 2012 bis 2016, Arbeitskreis 
    Rechnungsgrundlagen, Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ), 24. Oktober 2019. 
    https://avoe.at/referenzsterbetafel-und-stornovektor-des-gesamtbestands-2012-16/


### Gesamtbestand (total portfolio) of Austrian Pension Funds (Pensionskassen) 2010--16

* gender-specific experienc tables (period tables for 2010--16, central year 2013) for the four largest Austrian pension funds
  * mortalities and lapse rates
* Experience mortality and lapse rates for the total portfolio of the four largest Austrian pension funds, 2010-2016
* Publisher: Aktuarvereinigung Österreichs (AVÖ)
* Creator: R. Kainhofer
 Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r PKGesamtbestand, results = "hide"}
# mortalityTables.load("Austria_PK-Bestand_2010-16")
# PKBestandstafel.2010.16
```
```{r PKBestand.vergleich}
# plotMortalityTables(PKBestandstafel.2010.16[,,"qx", "raw"], legend.position = "right", title = "Austrian pension fund mortalities 2010-16", aes = aes(color = type)) +
  # facet_grid(sex ~ .) + labs(color = "Collective")
```


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<!-- ####                                  GERMANY                              ##### -->
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# Germany

Tables in use:

* Allgemeine Deutsche Sterbetafel 1924/26 -- Endowments (until 1980s)
* Sterbetafel 1967 (modified Sterbetafel der BRD 1960/62) -- Endowments (1970s-1980s)
* Sterbetafel 1986 -- Endowments
* Sterbetafel 1986 T -- Endowments (1980s--1994)
* DAV 1994-T -- Endowments (1994--)
* Sterbetafel der BRD 1949/51 -- Annuities (until 1980s)
* Sterbetafel 1987 R -- Annuities (1980s--1994)
* DAV 1994-R -- Annuities (1994--2004)
* DAV 2004-R -- Annuities (2004--)




## Annuities

### Sterbetafel 1987 R
[TODO: Get table data!]
  * Source: Lühr, K.-H.: Neue Sterbetafeln für die Rentenversicherung, Blätter DGVM XVII (1986), 485--513. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02808817
  

### DAV 1994 R: 

* gender-specific tables, Base table 2000 with age-specific trends
    * male+female, ages 0-111
* approximation using age-shifting is provided (central YOB 1955)
  * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r DAV1994R, results = "hide"}
mortalityTables.load("Germany_Annuities_DAV1994R")
DAV1994R.male
DAV1994R.male.av
DAV1994R.female
DAV1994R.female.av
```
* Source: [Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV)](https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx), https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/sterbetafeln/UT_LV_5.pdf
* Source: Schmithals B. und Schütz E. U. (1995): "Herleitung der DAV-Sterbetafel 1994 R für
Rentenversicherungen", Blätter der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Versicherungsmathematik, Band XXII, Heft 1 
  
### DAV 2004 R:

  * gender-specific tables, Base table 1999 with age-specific trends
    * male+female, ages 0-121
  * First- and Second-Order Tables are provided, as well as a reserving table for existing business ("Bestand" and "B20")
  * Variants Aggregate and Select tables (5 years) are provided
  * Usage with the `MortalityTables` package: (only Aggregate tables)
```{r DAV2004R, results="hide"}
mortalityTables.load("Germany_Annuities_DAV2004R")
DAV2004R.male
DAV2004R.male.2Ord
DAV2004R.male.av
DAV2004R.male.av.2Ord
DAV2004R.female
DAV2004R.female.2Ord
DAV2004R.female.av
DAV2004R.female.av.2Ord
```
  * Source: [Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV)](https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx), https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/sterbetafeln/2023-06-28_DAV-Richtlinie_Herleitung_DAV2004R.pdf


### Comparison

```{r DE.Annuities.Comparison}
plotMortalityTables(
  DAV1994R.male, DAV1994R.female, 
  DAV2004R.male, DAV2004R.male.2Ord, 
  DAV2004R.female, DAV2004R.female.2Ord,
  
  Period = 2000, aes = aes(linetype = sex, color = interaction(year, data)), 
  legend.position = c(0.01, 0.99), legend.justification = c(0,1), legend.key.width = unit(2, "lines"),
  title = "Comparison of German Annuity Tables, Period 2000"
) + labs(linetype = NULL, color = NULL)

plotMortalityTrend(
  DAV1994R.male, DAV1994R.female, 
  DAV2004R.male, DAV2004R.male.2Ord, 
  DAV2004R.female, DAV2004R.female.2Ord,

  Period = 2000, aes = aes(linetype = sex, color = interaction(year, data)), 
  legend.position = c(0.99, 0.99), legend.justification = c(1,1), legend.key.width = unit(2, "lines"), 
  title = "Age-specific trends of German Annuity Tables, Period 2000"
) + labs(linetype = NULL, color = NULL) + theme(legend.box.just = "right")
```


## Population Mortality (German Census tables)

* gender-specific period tables
  * male+female, unisex only 2000/02 and 2010/12; ages 0--95, from 1930 on 0--100
* Based on the official census data:
  * 1871/80
  * 1881/90
  * 1891/1900
  * 1901/10
  * 1910/11
  * 1924/26
  * 1932/34
  * 1949/51
  * 1960/62
  * 1970/72
  * 1986/88

* Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r ADSt}
mortalityTables.load("Germany_Census")
mort.DE.census
```
* Source: Allgemeine Sterbetafeln, abgekürzte Sterbetafelnund Sterbetafeln, 1871/1881 bis 2008/2010. Wiesbaden. Statist. Bundesamt. Artikel 5126202109005, Mai 2012. https://www.statistischebibliothek.de/mir/receive/DESerie_mods_00002188




### Comparison

```{r DE.Census.Comparison}
plotMortalityTables(
  mort.DE.census,
  
  aes = aes(color = table),
  legend.position = "right", legend.key.width = unit(2, "lines"),
  title = "Comparison of German Census Mortalities"
) + labs(color = NULL) + facet_grid(sex ~ .)
```


## Tables for contract with death characteristics (Life Insurances, Endowments)

### Association Table of Assured Lives 1986
[TODO]

* Base on German Population Mortality Table 1981/83

### DAV 1994 T

* gender-specific cohort table for German whole life insurances
* Based on the German Population Mortality Table 1986/88
* Generated: Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV), "Life-Insurance" committee
* Publisher: Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV), https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx

* Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r DAV1994T,results="hide"}
mortalityTables.load("Germany_Endowments_DAV1994T")
DAV1994T.male
DAV1994T.male.2Ord
DAV1994T.female
DAV1994T.female.2Ord

```
* Source: H. Loebus: Bestimmung einer angemessenen Sterbetafel für Lebensversicherungen mit Todesfallcharakter, Blätter DGVM XXI (1994), 497--524. https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx

### DAV 2008 T, DAV 2008 T R/NR


* gender-specific cohort table for German whole life insurances
* Based on reinsurance data 2001--2004 (47 German insurance companies)
* Generated: Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV), "Life-Insurance" committee
* Publisher: Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV), https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx
* Minimum standard prescribed by the DAV to be used for reserving unit-linked, endowment and whole life insurances in Germany

* Usage with the `MortalityTables` package:
```{r DAV2008T,results="hide"}
mortalityTables.load("Germany_Endowments_DAV2008T")
DAV2008T.male
DAV2008T.male.2Ord
DAV2008T.male.nonsmoker
DAV2008T.male.nonsmoker.2Ord
DAV2008T.male.smoker
DAV2008T.male.smoker.2Ord

DAV2008T.female
DAV2008T.female.2Ord
DAV2008T.female.nonsmoker
DAV2008T.female.nonsmoker.2Ord
DAV2008T.female.smoker
DAV2008T.female.smoker.2Ord
```
* Source: Herleitung der Sterbetafel DAV 2008 T für Lebensversicherungen mit Todesfallcharakter, [Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV)](https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx), 22.11.2008. https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/sterbetafeln/2022-11-29_DAV-Richtlinie_Herleitung_DAV2008T.pdf
* Source: Raucher- und Nichtrauchersterbetafeln für Lebensversicherungen mit Todesfallcharakter, [Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV)](https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx), 22.11.2008. https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/sterbetafeln/2022-11-29_DAV-Richtlinie_Herleitung_DAV2008T_R_NR.pdf


### Comparisons

```{r DAV-T.comparison}
plotMortalityTables(
  DAV1994T.male, DAV1994T.male.2Ord, DAV2008T.male, DAV2008T.male.2Ord, DAV2008T.male.nonsmoker,  DAV2008T.male.smoker,
  DAV1994T.female, DAV1994T.female.2Ord, DAV2008T.female, DAV2008T.female.2Ord, DAV2008T.female.nonsmoker,  DAV2008T.female.smoker,
  aes = aes(color = interaction(year, collar), linetype = data), legend.position = "right", legend.key.width = unit(1.5, "lines"),
  title = "German whole life mortality tables"
) + facet_grid(sex ~ .)
``` 


## Occupational Disability

### DAV 1997 I
[TODO]
https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx

* Source: Kolster N., Loebus H. und Mörtlbauer W. (1998): "Neue Rechnungsgrundlagen für die
Berufsunfähigkeitsversicherung DAV 1997", Blätter der Deutschen Gesellschaft
für Versicherungsmathematik, Band XXIII, Heft 4 

### DAV 1998 EU
[TODO]
https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx

### DAV 2001 EM/EM-T
[TODO]
https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx


## MTPL Annuities

### DAV 2006 HUR
[TODO]
https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx


## Old-Age Care
[TODO]

### DAV 2008 P
[TODO]


## Occupational Pensions

### Heubeck Richttafeln 1959
[TODO]

* Source: G. Heubeck, K. Fischer: Richttafeln für die Pensionsversicherung, René
Fischer Verlag, Weissenburg/Bayern, 1959

### Heubeck Richttafeln 1983
[TODO]

* Source: Heubeck K.: "Richttafeln", Verlag: Heubeck-Richttafeln-GmbH, Köln, 1983

### Heubeck Richttafeln 1998
[TODO]

* Source: Heubeck K.: "Richttafeln 1998", Verlag Heubeck-Richttafeln-GmbH, Köln, 1998

### Richttafeln DAV 2005-G
[TODO]

https://aktuar.de/unsere-themen/lebensversicherung/Seiten/default.aspx

* Source: Klaus Heubeck, Richard Herrmann und Gabriele D’Souza. „Die Richttafeln 2005 G – Modell, Herleitung, Formeln“. In: Blätter der DGVFM 27.3 (Apr. 2006), S. 473–517.


### Heubeck Richttafeln 2018-G
[TODO]






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# United States of America

Source: [https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/pbr_data_valuation_manual_current_edition.pdf] (Appendix M)

[TODO]

## Annuities (individual and group)

## Whole Life Insurances

## Experience Tables

## Pension Plans

### RP-2000

### RP-2014

Source: Society of Actuaries. RP-2014 Mortality Tables Report. Techn. Ber. Okt. 2014. URL: https://www.soa.org/experience-studies/2014/research-2014-rp/.

Source: Society of Actuaries. Mortality Improvement Scale MP-2014 Report. Techn. Ber. Okt. 2014. URL: https://www.soa.org/experience-studies/2014/research-2014-mp/.


